This somewhat controversial bay and window is dedicated to the Crusaders. In 1095 Pope Urban II at the Council of Clermont called for Jerusalem to be liberated from the Turks. This was the beginning of the 200 years of Crusades or, as it was then known, the 'taking up the Cross.' Seven of the nine crusades were failures. The First Crusade resulted in Jerusalem being freed from Turkish rule. The Children's Crusade (1212) caused the enslavement of tens of thousands of children from France and Germany. Constantinople was sacked in the Fourth Crusade. The crusades were called a holy war. The consequences of them are still felt today. The Bay was given in memory of D. Willis James by his son, Arthur Curtiss James. (D. Willis James was a member of the metal firm Phelps Dodge & Co.) The window was made by Ernest W. Lukeman. 1) The Heavenly City envisioned by St. John is a reminder that the true Crusade is to work toward the dominance of Christ's spirit in our lives and world.
2) Godfrey de Bouillon (b. 1060 – d. 1100), leader of the first Crusade and conqueror of Jerusalem, takes the Cross.
3) Pope Urban gives the banner of St. Peter to Hugh the Great.
4) Emperor Frederick II (b. 1194 – d. 1250) at the treaty signed by Sultan Kameel, where Frederick is crowned King of Jerusalem.
5) Peter the Hermit preaches the First Crusade to the peasants. Most of the peasants who followed him were killed by the Turks in Asia Minor.
6) Godfrey de Bouillon (b. 1060 – d. 1100) pledges his land to the Bishop of Liege.
7) Tancred (Norman soldier and leader of first Crusade) takes an oath in service of Emperor Alexius. Tancred served under Godfrey de Bouillon.
8) Council of Clermont where it was decided to launch the First Crusade.
9) Pope Urban II appoints the French bishop Adehemar de Monteil (d. 1098) leader of the First Crusade in 1095.
10) Followers of Raymond of St. Gilles flock to his standard.
11) Jerusalem captured by the Turks in 1170. (see at end #12,13,24 & 25) 14) Godfrey de Bouillon (b. 1060 – d. 1100), is made king of Jerusalem.
15) Pope Innocent III instigates the Fifth Crusade.
16) St. Louis leads the Eighth Crusade. The crusade faltered when Louis died on his journey east.
17) Crusaders capture Jerusalem.
18) Emperor Frederick II enters Jerusalem.
19) St. Bernard preaches the Crusade to Emperor Conrad II.
20) Crusaders suffer misfortune.
21) Eleanor of Acquitaine (c. 1122-1204) holds court in Antioch.
22) Baldwin of Flanders crowned Latin emperor of the East 1204.
23) Crusader Armies set forth. The following people are honored as modern crusaders against oppression and disease.
12) John Milton (b.1608 – d. 1674) was a blind English poet who fought for freedom of the press.
13) William Wilberforce (b.1759 – 1833), an English philanthropist and politician, was an early leader in the fight against slavery.
24) Walter Reed (b. 1851 – d. 1902) was an American bacteriologist and U.S. Army officer who made scientific advances against yellow fever.
25) Yideyo Noguchi (b. 1876 – d. 1928) was a Japanese bacteriologist at Rockefeller University who helped identify and control venereal disease.
St. Peter
(b. ? Bethsaida d. circa Rome 65)
was a fisherman on Lake Genesareth, the brother of St. Andrew, the chief apostle, the first pope, and the rock upon which the Church was built. His original name was Simon, and Christ gave him the name Peter. He witnessed the Transfiguration, the Agony in the Garden of Gethsemane and the raising of Jairus' daughter. He was an organizer of the Last Supper. Peter played an important role in the Passion of Christ. Peter cut off the right ear of a slave of the high priest Malchus, and then denied Christ three times, as Christ had predicted he would. After the crucifixion, Peter saw the first appearance of the risen Christ.He was important in bringing the Gospel to the Gentiles, which helped spread the Church beyond converted/converting Jews. He traveled to Rome. Nero martyred him on Vatican Hill. Peter was upside down because he thought himself unworthy to die as Christ had. He is buried under St. Peter's Basilica.
St. Bernard
(b. circa1090 Fontaines, France d. 1153)
was a theologian and abbot whose father was a Crusader. He studied under the English abbot Stephen Harding and at age 22, in Citeaux, he became a monk. Eventually, he became abbot of Clairveaux, which became a center of the Cistercian order. At the Synod of Troyes, he gained recognition for the Knights Templar, a group that was to fight the Crusades and minister to the sick and the needs of pilgrims. In 1130, after a disputed papal election, Bernard sided with Innocent II against Anacletus. Innocent was recognized as the true pope. Cistercian influence reached its highest point when a former pupil of Bernard, Eugenius III, was elected pope in 1145. Clairvaux had 700 monks at Bernard's death. Bernard was canonized in 1174 and nominated a doctor of the Church in 1830.
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1) Cathedral of St. John the Divine Map [29]
