General William Tecumseh Sherman was famous for his march through Georgia.
General William Tecumseh Sherman
(b. Lancaster, Ohio 1820 – d. NYC 1891)
was one of the best Union officers during the Civil War. In what would prove to be an irony, he was named after the Shawnee chief Tecumseh, who had tried to unite the tribes of the Ohio River Valley against the settlers intruding on their land. Orphaned at age 9, Sherman was raised by Thomas Ewing, who would become a U.S. Senator and Secretary of the Interior. His younger brother John would become a U.S. Senator and the author of the Sherman Antitrust Act. Sherman graduated from West Point in 1840. He then entered the Army and fought in Florida against the Seminoles and in the Mexican War. He left the service to become a banker. When the Civil War started, he reentered the Army and fought at the 'First Battle of Bull Run.' He later fought at Shiloh and Corinth. He was plagued by depression, and questions about his mental stability followed him throughout his career. He fought with Grant at Vicksburg.He is best-known for his famous 'March through Georgia.' Sherman was an advocate of total war. 'War is hell,' he said, and the more quickly he could win, the more quickly 'hell' would be over. He took Savannah, Georgia, and called the city a Christmas gift to Lincoln and the country. His troops had a reputation for a lack of discipline. His marauding stragglers were known as 'Sherman's bummers.' Southerners were particularly resentful of his alleged burning of Columbia, South Carolina. Ironically he was condemned for offering peace terms that were too soft. After the conclusion of the Civil War, Sherman was appointed commander of the Missouri district, which stretched from the Rocky Mountains to the Mississippi. His troops protected transcontinental railroad workers from Indians. He established military outposts across the region, expanding the network of federal authority. Sherman wanted Indian policy to be set by the Army, and the aim of the policy was that Indians be placed on reservations and forced to stay there. He declared that all Indians not on reservations 'are hostile and will remain so until killed off.' He negotiated the Medicine Lodge Treaty of 1867 and the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868, where each tribe got its own reservation. As general commander of the Army, he crushed Indian resistance across the Plains. He destroyed the economic basis of the Plains Indians' lives. He said to General Philip Sheridan that 'it would be wise to invite all the sportsmen of England and America... for a Grand Buffalo Hunt, and make one grand sweep of them all.' He endorsed Sheridan's plan to attack Indian camps in the winter, when their supplies and mobility were limited. Sherman had Sheridan moved first against the Kiowas and Comanches of the southern Plains, then against the Lakota and Cheyenne of the north. He was victorious on all counts. He retired from the Army in 1884, and unlike many of his contemporaries, never entered politics. He said of the presidency, which he was encouraged to run for, 'I will not accept if nominated and will not serve if elected.' On his death thousands views his corpse in his residence at 75 W. 71st Street in NYC. He body was borne by horse carriage in a procession to Grand Central Station and taken by train to St. Louis. One of the six divisions marching in the St. Louis funeral march consisted of former Confederate soldiers. He is buried in Calvary Cemetery, St. Louis, Missouri.
Danese Cattaneo
b. 1509 - d. 1573
He was probably born in Carrara. The marble quarries in and around that city supplied the raw materials for sculpture all over Italy, and beyond. Cattaneo went to Rome and entered the workshop of Jacopo Sansovino. When Rome was sacked by the troops of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, in 1527, Sansovino and Cattaneo departed for Venice. Cattaneo became one of Venice's renowned sculptors. He worked also in Padua (on and off part of the Republic of Venice), and for patrons in his native Tuscany.
Baldassare Longhena
b. 1598 - d. 1682
Longhena was the son of a stonemason. He studied architecture under the guidance of Vincenzo Scamozzi. His projects for Venice make up an integral part of its Baroque heritage. His magnificent design for the Church of Santa Maria della Salute was selected in 1630. The church was built to commemorate deliverance from a plague that had killed more than 45,000 Venetians. Its position on the Grand Canal next to the Dogana di Mare guaranteed instant visibility and fame. He completed the Procuratie Nuove in the Piazza San Marco, which had been begun by Vincenzo Scamozzi. Longhena also designed the Ca' Pesaro (begun 1652, finished by Antonio Gaspari), and Ca' Bon (now called the Ca'Rezzonico, begun 1667 and finished by Giorgio Massari). He designed everything but the facade of the Scalzi Church. His altars and tombs can be found in churches throughout Venice.
Jacopo Sansovino
b. as Jacopo Tatti, Florence 1486 - d. Venice 1570
Jacopo Sansovino began his sculpture career in Rome. He adopted the last name of his teacher, Andrea Sansovino. After the sack of Rome in 1527, he left for Venice, fully expecting to return to Rome. He never did. With the encouragement of Doge Andrea Gritti, Sansovino quickly became the most influential architect of Venice. He is responsible for the re-design of the Piazza San Marco. He designed the Biblioteca Marciana and the Loggetta near the base of the bell tower of San Marco. He designed San Francisco della Vigna, and participated in the design of other parish churches, and many other projects. His sculptures include the 'St. John the Baptist' in the Frari, the 'Mars' and 'Neptune' at the top of the Scala dei Giganti at the Doges' Palace, and several works in San Salvatore.
Alessandro Vittoria
b. Trent 1525 - d. 1608 Venice
He was a sculptor and architect. He studied with Jacopo Sansovino. In the second half of the 16th century, Vittoria became one of the most important sculptors in Venice. Through Sansovino, he was commissioned to work at Venice's famous Marciana Library and at the Ducal Palace. His Montefiore Altarpiece is a splendid work in San Francesco della Vigna, as is his 'St. John the Baptist' in San Zaccaria. His works are in numerous other churches and civic buildings throughout the city. His portrait busts of important Venetians, in marble and stucco, helped chronicle the rich history of the Republic in the 16th Century.
Bartolomeo Ammanati
b. 1511 - d. 1592
Ammanati was a sculptor and architect. In Florence he studied under Bandinelli. In Venice he assisted Jacopo Sansovino in his work on the Library of St. Mark's.. Ammanati'se style was greatly influenced by Michelangelo's Medici tombs. He made a large statue of Hercules, at Padua.. In Rome he worked at the Ruspoli Palace and in the court of the Collegio Romano. In Florence in 1557, he became architect to Cosimo de' Medici. He made the Santa Trinita bridge over the Arno and a number of fountains, among them the Neptune fountain for the Piazza della Signoria. He built the court facade of Pitti Palace, the Guigni Palace, and a cloister of Santo Spirito. In his old age he grew religious, renounced his secular work and in fact destroyed some of it.
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1) Grant's Tomb Map [32]
